Zao Onsen & Snow Monsters
Ancient Onsen Meets Frozen Forest Phantoms
Zao Onsen boasts one of Japan's oldest hot spring traditions, with origins dating back 1,900 years according to legend. The hot springs were reportedly discovered in 110 CE by the son of the legendary hero Yamato Takeru, who noticed injured animals healing themselves in the steaming waters. The sulfuric springs became known as therapeutic baths for warriors during the feudal period. The onsen town developed at the base of Mount Zao, an active volcano straddling Yamagata and Miyagi prefectures, with the geothermal activity providing the natural hot water.
The distinctive 'juhyo' (literally 'ice trees') or snow monsters phenomenon occurs only in a few locations worldwide. Zao's unique geography - elevation around 1,600 meters, Siberian winds carrying moisture from the Sea of Japan, and abundant sub-zero temperatures - creates conditions where supercooled water droplets freeze instantly onto trees. Layer upon layer of ice and snow accumulates on Aomori fir trees through the winter, transforming them into bizarre ghost-like figures resembling monsters. The phenomenon typically occurs from late December through early March.
Modern Zao Onsen developed as a ski resort in the 1920s, with the first ski lifts installed in the 1960s. The snow monsters gained international attention in recent decades as the resort promoted nighttime illumination tours. Today, Zao Onsen attracts over 2 million annual visitors combining world-class skiing, unique snow monster viewing, and traditional hot spring bathing. The strong acidic waters (pH 1.6-2.1) are among Japan's most therapeutic, known for skin beautification and treatment of various ailments. The resort represents a perfect fusion of natural wonder, winter sports, and ancient bathing culture.
Key Highlights
- 1,900-year-old hot spring tradition with highly acidic waters
- Juhyo 'snow monsters' - ice-covered trees creating surreal landscapes
- Nighttime snow monster illumination tours
- Largest ski resort in Tohoku region
- Strong acidic sulfur springs with skin-beautifying properties
- Ropeway access to summit viewing of snow-covered mountains
Access Information
Location
Zao Onsen, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-2301, Japan
Nearest Stations
- • Yamagata Station (Yamagata Shinkansen, JR lines) - 40 min by bus
Opening Hours
Onsen town accessible 24/7; Zao Ropeway: 8:30 AM - 5:00 PM (summer), 8:30 AM - 9:00 PM (winter); Snow monster illumination: typically mid-December to early March, 5:00 PM - 9:00 PM
Admission Fee
Public outdoor hot spring baths: ¥200-500; Zao Ropeway round-trip: ¥3,800 (adult); Snow monster illumination tour: included with ropeway/ski lift ticket; Ski lift passes: ¥5,500/day
How to Get There
From Yamagata Station
Take Yamagata Kotsu bus from Yamagata Station bus terminal to Zao Onsen bus terminal (37-40 minutes, ¥1,000 one-way). Buses run every 30-60 minutes. More frequent service during ski season (December-March). Buy round-trip tickets for slight discount. Taxi costs approximately ¥7,000-8,000.
40 minutes
From Tokyo
Take Yamagata Shinkansen from Tokyo Station to Yamagata Station (2 hours 30 minutes, ¥11,000), then bus to Zao Onsen (40 minutes). Total journey approximately 3-3.5 hours. Direct highway bus also available Tokyo to Zao (5-6 hours, ¥5,500, overnight options).
3 hours
From Sendai
Take highway bus from Sendai Station directly to Zao Onsen (85-90 minutes, ¥1,800, 3-4 buses daily during ski season). Or take train to Yamagata (70 min), then local bus to Zao (40 min).
90 minutes
Tips & Visiting Guide
Make the most of your visit with these helpful tips and guidelines.
Viewing the Snow Monsters
Peak snow monster season runs late January through mid-February when formations are largest and most dramatic. Take the Zao Ropeway to the summit station (1,661m elevation) for close-up viewing. The monsters form best on the slopes around Jizo summit. Daytime viewing (9 AM - 3 PM) offers photography in natural light. Evening illumination tours (5-9 PM) create magical colored light displays against the frozen trees. Dress warmly - summit temperatures reach -10 to -20°C with strong winds.
Photography Tips
The otherworldly ice-covered trees create unique photographic opportunities. Bring wide-angle lens to capture monster fields and telephoto for details. Sunset hour (3-4 PM) provides warm light contrasting white formations. Night illumination uses colored lights - set white balance manually. Protect camera equipment from extreme cold and moisture. Summit observation deck offers 360-degree views. Weekday mornings provide fewer crowds for unobstructed shots. Extra batteries essential as cold drains power quickly.
Traditional Hot Spring Bathing
Zao's highly acidic sulfur springs (pH 1.6-2.1) are among Japan's strongest, known for skin beautification. The milky white water feels silky and has a distinct sulfur smell. Three free public outdoor baths: Kawarayu (mixed gender), Kamiyu, and Shimoyu (gender separated). Most ryokan allow day-use bathing (¥500-1,500). Try the large public bath Shinzaemon-no-yu (¥900). The acidic water may sting cuts or sensitive skin. Rinse with regular water after bathing.
Summer Mountain Activities
In summer (May-October), Mount Zao offers excellent hiking with the mysterious Okama Crater Lake (emerald green volcanic lake) as the highlight. The ropeway operates year-round providing easy summit access. Alpine flowers bloom in June-July. Autumn colors peak late September to early October. Summer visitors enjoy the onsen town atmosphere without winter crowds, with pleasant mountain temperatures perfect for post-hike bathing.
Ropeway & Ski Lift Access
The Zao Ropeway runs year-round with two stages: Sanroku Line (base to Juhyo Kogen) and Sancho Line (Juhyo Kogen to summit). Round-trip costs ¥3,800. During ski season, various lifts access different slopes. The 'Sky Cable' also serves the resort. Purchase combination ropeway/ski lift day passes (¥5,500) for maximum flexibility. Lines form during peak winter weekends - arrive early (before 9 AM) or visit late afternoon for illumination tours.
Accommodation Options
The onsen town features approximately 50 ryokan and hotels ranging from budget pensions (¥8,000/night) to luxury traditional inns (¥30,000+/night with meals). Most offer natural hot spring baths. Book well ahead for winter weekends and holidays. Staying in the village allows evening snow monster tours and early morning bathing. Many properties offer ski packages. Takamiya Hotels are particularly popular with international visitors for English support.
Dining & Local Specialties
Most visitors dine at their ryokan, enjoying kaiseki meals featuring Yamagata beef and mountain vegetables. The town center has several restaurants serving ramen, soba, and Yamagata specialties like 'imoni' stew. Try 'genghis khan' (grilled lamb) popular in ski areas. Several izakaya offer après-ski dining and drinks. A small supermarket provides supplies. Limited options late evening - plan accordingly.
Essential Planning Information
Winter visitors need full snow gear: waterproof boots, warm jacket, gloves, and hat. Rent ski equipment in town if needed. The resort is family-friendly with beginner slopes. Snow monster season (December-March) is extremely crowded on weekends and holidays - visit weekdays if possible. Summer offers quiet mountain retreat. Check ropeway operating status during bad weather. Bus schedules reduce outside ski season. Allow a full day or overnight stay to experience both skiing/monsters and hot springs properly.
FAQ
What are the Zao Snow Monsters?
Snow monsters (juhyo) are trees completely covered in thick ice and snow, creating otherworldly formations resembling frozen creatures. They form when supercooled water droplets and snow accumulate on Aomori fir trees under specific winter conditions. These formations occur at high elevations on Mount Zao and are one of Japan's most spectacular winter phenomena.
When is the best time to see the snow monsters?
Peak snow monster season is mid-January through mid-February when formations are largest and most dramatic. Late December to early March offers viewing opportunities, though formations vary by conditions. February typically provides the most impressive monsters. Visit on clear days for best visibility, though foggy conditions create atmospheric effects.
How do I access the snow monster viewing area?
Take the Zao Ropeway from Zao Onsen to the summit area. The ropeway operates in two sections: Sanroku Line to Juhyo Kogen Station, then Sancho Line to the summit. Total journey takes about 20 minutes. Operating hours are typically 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM, extended for night illumination events. Round-trip costs about 3,000 yen.
Are the snow monsters illuminated at night?
Yes, special illumination events run from late December through February, typically on weekends and holidays. Powerful lights in various colors illuminate the snow monsters from 5:00 PM to 9:00 PM, creating a magical, surreal landscape. Night ropeway operates during these events. The illuminated monsters are incredibly photogenic and otherworldly.
How cold is it at the snow monster viewing area?
Temperatures at the summit regularly drop to -10°C to -20°C (14°F to -4°F) in winter, with wind chill making it feel much colder. Blizzard conditions are common. Extreme cold is part of what creates the snow monsters. Proper extreme cold weather gear is absolutely essential for safety and comfort.
What should I wear to view the snow monsters?
Wear multiple warm layers including thermal underwear, fleece, and insulated waterproof jacket and pants. Essential items: insulated waterproof boots, thick gloves, warm hat covering ears, neck gaiter or scarf, and hand/toe warmers. Ski goggles protect eyes from wind and snow. Rental gear available at the resort. Do not underestimate the cold.
Can I ski or snowboard at Zao?
Yes, Zao Onsen Ski Resort is a major ski destination with 14 courses covering terrain from beginner to advanced. The resort spans multiple mountains with excellent powder snow. Many skiers combine slopes with snow monster viewing. Ski passes are separate from ropeway tickets to the summit viewing area. Night skiing available on some slopes.
How do I get to Zao Onsen from Tokyo?
Take the Yamagata Shinkansen from Tokyo to Yamagata Station (2.5-3 hours). From Yamagata Station, take a bus to Zao Onsen (40-50 minutes). Buses run several times daily during winter season. Total journey takes 3.5-4 hours. Advance bus reservations recommended during peak season. Some express buses run directly from major cities.
Should I stay overnight at Zao Onsen?
Overnight stays are highly recommended to experience both daytime and illuminated snow monsters, enjoy the hot spring town atmosphere, and avoid rushed schedules. Zao Onsen has numerous hotels and ryokan with natural hot springs. Staying overnight provides flexibility for weather conditions and multiple viewing opportunities. Day trips are possible but rushed.
What is Zao Onsen's hot spring like?
Zao Onsen is one of Tohoku's most famous hot spring resorts with strongly acidic sulfur water known for skin-beautifying properties. The milky white water has been used for over 1,900 years. Multiple public bathhouses and outdoor baths are available. The onsen provides warming relief after cold snow monster viewing. Three large public bathhouses cost 200-500 yen.
Can I visit if I don't ski?
Absolutely. Many visitors come solely for snow monster viewing and hot springs. The ropeway provides access to viewing areas without skiing. Observation decks at the summit offer spectacular views. Some visitors enjoy snowshoeing or just walking in designated areas. The combination of natural phenomenon and onsen makes it worthwhile without skiing.
Are there restaurants and facilities at the summit?
Basic facilities including a restaurant, rest area, and observation deck are available at the summit stations. Options are limited compared to the base. The Juhyo Kogen Station has more extensive facilities. Most visitors eat at Zao Onsen village where numerous restaurants serve local Yamagata specialties, especially Yonezawa beef.
What causes the snow monsters to form?
Snow monsters form through a unique combination of factors: Aomori fir trees at high elevation, extremely cold temperatures, strong winds carrying supercooled water droplets and snow from the Sea of Japan, and specific humidity levels. Droplets freeze instantly on contact with trees, gradually building massive ice formations. This phenomenon is rare worldwide.
Can the ropeway close due to weather?
Yes, the ropeway closes during severe weather including high winds, blizzards, or poor visibility for safety reasons. Winter conditions can be extreme. Operations status is posted on the resort website. Have flexible plans as weather changes rapidly. Checking conditions before departure is essential, especially during winter storms.
Is Zao suitable for families with young children?
Families can visit, but extreme cold requires careful preparation. Young children may find the cold and wind challenging. Ensure children have proper warm clothing and monitor for cold exposure. The ropeway ride and unique formations fascinate older children. Some families prefer milder weather periods in early or late season. Hot springs afterward are family-friendly.
Are there guided snow monster tours?
Yes, various guided tours are available including snowcat tours that take visitors directly among the snow monsters at night during illumination. These special vehicles access areas beyond the ropeway. Snowshoe tours and cross-country ski tours also offered. Tours provide expert guidance and unique access. Advance reservations required, especially for illumination tours.
What photography tips do you have for snow monsters?
Bring a camera that functions in extreme cold; battery life decreases dramatically. Carry spare batteries in warm pockets. Wide-angle lenses capture the scale; telephoto lenses isolate individual formations. Night illumination offers colorful dramatic shots but requires higher ISO settings. Protect gear from snow and condensation. Tripods useful for night photography but challenging in wind.
How crowded is Zao during snow monster season?
Weekends and holidays during peak season (January-February) are busy with long ropeway lines, especially for illumination events. Weekdays are significantly quieter. Early morning offers fewer crowds. Chinese New Year and Japanese holidays are extremely busy. Arriving at rope way opening reduces wait times. Shoulder season dates provide easier access.
What other attractions are near Zao Onsen?
Yamagata city offers cultural attractions, local cuisine, and shopping. Yamadera temple is about 1.5 hours away. Other Yamagata hot springs like Ginzan Onsen can combine into multi-day itineraries. Zao Okama Crater Lake is stunning in summer (inaccessible in winter). Local sake breweries offer tastings. The region is known for cherries, beef, and mountain cuisine.
Can I see snow monsters outside of winter?
No, snow monsters only form during winter months (December-March) under specific cold, snowy, windy conditions. The same area offers completely different scenery in other seasons: Zao Okama Crater Lake (emerald green crater lake) in summer, autumn foliage in October, and spring mountain flowers. The ski resort operates seasonally. Each season offers distinct attractions.
Nearby Attractions
Explore more wonderful destinations in the same prefecture.
Ginzan Onsen
A fairytale hot spring village with traditional multi-story wooden ryokan lining a snowy valley, featuring gas lanterns, foot baths, and nostalgic Taisho-era atmosphere.
Yamadera (Risshaku-ji Temple)
A spectacular mountain temple complex featuring 1,000 stone steps climbing through cedar forests to clifftop halls, immortalized in Basho's famous haiku about cicada silence.